This four part process requires four pistons, each piston at a different stage in the cycle, each pushing the other pistons around, in a hopefully well-timed process (if it is not well-timed, then engine knocking occurs). Work in, mass and a little wasted energy out. exhaust stroke – the piston comes back into the box, pushing the burnt up fuel out. The high temperature, high pressure gas expands and shoves the piston back out of the box, which in turn, makes the wheels on the bus go round and round. This is putting work and energy into the box.ģ. power stroke – the spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture in the box. compression stroke – A piston comes into the box pressurizing the air/fuel mixture. intake stroke – fuel and air (not sand or apples) go into the box, or into the box / combustion chamber.Ģ. In four-stroke piston engines the combustion chamber undergoes a 4 part process in which energy and mass travel into and out of a box, or open system.ġ. The combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine is an open system too. Conversely, a closed system would be a box which has been completely duct-taped shut so that no apples, or puppies, or any other matter, can go in and out of it.Īpples and puppies are not the only things which can jump into, and out of, an open system. The box is an open system, because stuff is coming into, and out of, the box. How many apples are now in the box? The number of apples in the box = the original number (0) + Apples in (3) – apples out (2) = 1 apple left in the box. Mary puts three apples into the box, and Tom takes two apples out. As an example, suppose you have an empty cardboard box. By keeping track of everything that crosses the system boundaries you can keep track of what is in the system. There is no such thing as ex-Nihilo creation.Īn open system is one which can exchange matter and energy with its environment. Conservation laws state that everything that currently exists is eternal, without beginning, and without end. The origins debate is pointless, there is no origin, there is no grand beginning, there was never a time of nothingness. What currently exists has always been, and always will be, in one form or another. The first law in layman’s terms is: you don’t get something from nothing, nor will something blink out of existence into nothing. Matter can be converted into energy through processes such as fission and fusion. Conservation laws also apply to mass because matter is a type of energy (e = mc^2). The first law of thermodynamics, or conservation of energy principle, states that one type of energy can be transformed into another type, but that energy will never be created out of nothingness, nor can it be destroyed into nothingness.
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